English for Physical Education
Vocabulary
Contents
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Physical Education
| ability | noun | the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something |
| academic | adjective | relating to schools, colleges, and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not with practical skills |
| achieve | verb | to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort |
| achievement | noun | something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing |
| action | noun | the process of doing something, especially when dealing with a problem or difficulty |
| active | adjective | busy with a particular activity |
| activity | noun | the situation in which a lot of things are happening or people are moving around |
| address | verb | to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem |
| adolescents | noun | a young person who is developing into an adult |
| allowed | verb | to give permission for someone to do something, or to not prevent something from happening |
| analysis | noun | the process of studying or examining something in an organized way to learn more about it, or a particular study of something |
| approach | noun | a way of considering or doing something |
| appropriate | adjective | suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion |
| assessment | noun | the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made |
| associated | adjective | connected |
| athletes | noun | a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise, especially one who competes in organized events |
| attitudes | noun | a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving that is caused by this |
| authors | noun | a person who begins or creates something |
| autonomy | noun | the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else |
| average | noun | a standard or level that is considered to be typical or usual |
| awareness | noun | knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the present time based on information or experience |
| behaviour | noun | the way that a person, an animal, a substance, etc. behaves in a particular situation or under particular conditions |
| benefits | noun | a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help |
| case | noun | a particular situation or example of something |
| challenge | noun | (the situation of being faced with) something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability |
| CLA (Constraint-Led Approach) | noun | a framework for teaching, coaching and practicing motor skills, which takes a holistic and individual approach to learning by considering the interactions between different ‘constraints’: the performer, the environment and the task |
| coaches | noun | someone whose job is to train and organize a sports team |
| cognitive | adjective | relating to or involving the processes of thinking and reasoning |
| compared | verb | to examine or look for the differences between persons or things OR to consider or suggest that something is similar or equal to something else |
| competence | noun | the ability to do something well |
| complex | adjective | involving a lot of different but related parts |
| concept, concepts | noun | a principle or idea |
| conducted | verb | to organize and perform a particular activity |
| confidence | noun | the quality of being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people, plans, or the future |
| consider, considered | verb | to believe someone or something to be, or think of him, her, or it as something |
| constraints | noun | unnatural behaviour that is sometimes the result of forcing yourself to act in a particular way |
| content | noun | the ideas that are contained in a piece of writing, a speech, or a film |
| context, contexts | noun | the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it |
| cooperative | adjective | willing to help or do what people ask |
| CPD (Continuing Professional Development) | noun | involves maintaining and enhancing the knowledge, skills and experience related to your professional activities following completion of your formal training |
| criteria | noun | a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something |
| critical | adjective | of the greatest importance to the way things might happen OR extremely serious or dangerous |
| current | adjective | of the present time |
| curriculum | noun | the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes |
| definition | noun | a description of the features and limits of something |
| demonstrated | verb | to show or make something clear |
| described | verb | to give a written or spoken report of how something is done or of what someone or something is like |
| design | noun/verb | 1. to make or draw plans for something, for example clothes or buildings 2. a drawing or set of drawings showing how a building or product is to be made and how it will work and look |
| develop | verb | to (cause something to) grow or change into a more advanced, larger, or stronger form OR to start to happen or exist |
| development | noun | a recent event that is the latest in a series of related events |
| different | adjective | not the same |
| direct | adjective | without anyone or anything else being involved or between |
| disabilities | noun | an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do the things that other people do |
| discussion | noun | the activity in which people talk about something and tell each other their ideas or opinions |
| early | adjective | near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected, or planned time |
| education | noun | the process of teaching or learning, especially in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this |
| educational | adjective | teaching something, or relating to education |
| educator | noun | a person who teaches people |
| effect | noun | the result of a particular influence |
| effective | adjective | successful or achieving the results that you want |
| emotional | adjective | relating to the emotions |
| engage | verb | to become involved, or have contact, with someone or something |
| engagement | noun | the fact of being involved with something |
| enjoyment | noun | a feeling of happiness or pleasure |
| environment | noun | the conditions that you live or work in and the way that they influence how you feel or how effectively you can work |
| evidence | noun | anything that helps to prove that something is or is not true |
| examine | verb | to look at or consider a person or thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something about them |
| example | noun | a person or a way of behaving that is considered suitable to be copied |
| exercise | noun | physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy |
| existing | adjective | used to refer to something that exists now |
| experiences | noun | something that happens to you that affects how you feel |
| explore | verb | to try to discover; learn about |
| external | adjective | existing, intended for, or happening outside a person, organization, place, country, etc. |
| facilitate | verb | to make something possible or easier |
| factor | noun | a fact or situation that influences the result of something |
| feature | noun | a typical quality or an important part of something |
| feedback | noun | reaction to a process or activity, or the information obtained from such a reaction |
| field | noun | an area, usually covered with grass, used for playing sports |
| figure | noun | the shape of the human body, or a person |
| finding | noun | a piece of information that is discovered during an official examination of a problem, situation, or object |
| fitness | noun | the condition of being physically strong and healthy |
| FL (Flipped Learning) | noun | a pedagogical approach that inverts the traditional method of the teacher leading learning, instead handing responsibility over to the student |
| FMS (Fundamental Movement Skills) | noun | the basic movements traditionally associated with human physical activity |
| focus | noun | the main or central point of something, especially of attention or interest |
| form | noun/verb | 1. a type of something 2. the shape or appearance of something 3. A competitor's form is their ability to be successful over a period of time 4. to begin to exist or to make something begin to exist |
| formal | adjective | public or official |
| framework | noun | a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something |
| game | noun | a particular competition, match, or occasion when people play a game |
| gender | noun | the physical and/or social condition of being male or female |
| goal | noun | an area on a playing field, that usually has two posts with a net fixed behind them, where players try to send the ball in order to score in sports such as football and hockey |
| group | noun | a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit |
| health | noun | the condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness, or the state of being well |
| high | adjective | greater than the usual level or amount |
| HPE (Health and Physical Education) | noun | provides students with the knowledge and skills that will enable them to achieve and maintain a physically active and healthful life, not only during their time in school but for a lifetime; integral components of a balanced educational program |
| identify | verb | to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show that it exists |
| impact | noun | a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person |
| importance | noun | the quality of being important |
| important | adjective | having great effect or influence |
| inclusion | noun | the idea that everyone should be able to use the same facilities, take part in the same activities, and enjoy the same experiences, including people who have a disability or other disadvantage |
| indicated | verb | to suggest something as being suitable |
| individual | noun | a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong |
| influence | noun | the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this |
| instruction | noun | the teaching of a particular skill or subject |
| instructional | adjective | (of an activity, book, etc.) designed to teach someone how to do something |
| intention | noun | something that you want and plan to do |
| interaction | noun | an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other |
| intervention | noun | the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse |
| interview | noun | a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course |
| intrinsic | adjective | being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing |
| involved | verb | to include someone in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it |
| issues | noun | a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about |
| knowledge | noun | understanding of or information about a subject that you get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people generally |
| learner | noun | a person who is still learning something |
| level | noun | someone's ability compared to other people OR the amount or number of something |
| limited | adjective | kept within a particular size, range, time, etc. |
| literacy | noun | knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge |
| literature | noun | all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts |
| lower | adjective | positioned below one or more similar things, or of the bottom part of something |
| mean | adjective | a mean number is an average number |
| meaningful | adjective | useful, serious, or important |
| method | noun | a particular way of doing something |
| model | noun | a simple description of a system or process that can be used in calculations or predictions of what might happen |
| most | adverb | the biggest number or amount of; more than anything or anyone else OR very |
| motivation | noun | willingness to do something, or something that causes such willingness |
| motivational | adjective | able to make someone enthusiastic about something |
| motor | noun | a device that changes electricity or fuel into movement and makes a machine work |
| movement | noun | a change of position |
| multiple | adjective | very many of the same type, or of different types |
| MVPA (Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity) | noun | activity that is attained when a person reaches at least 64% of their maximum heart rate |
| nature | noun | the type or main characteristic of something |
| necessary | adjective | needed in order to achieve a particular result |
| negative | adjective | bad or harmful |
| novelty | noun | the quality of being new and unusual |
| observation | noun | the act of observing something or someone |
| opportunity | noun | an occasion or situation that makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing something |
| outcome | noun | a result or effect of an action, situation, etc. |
| overall | adverb | in general rather than in particular, or including all the people or things in a particular group or situation |
| PA (Physical Activity/ Physical Activities) | noun | any voluntary bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure |
| participant | noun | a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity |
| participate | verb | to take part in or become involved in an activity |
| participation | noun | the fact that you take part or become involved in something |
| pattern | noun | a particular way in which something is done, is organized, or happens |
| PE (Physical Education) | noun | a class that pupils are required to take at school; taken during primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health |
| pedagogical | adjective | relating to the methods and theory of teaching |
| pedagogy | noun | the study of the methods and activities of teaching |
| peer | noun | a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group |
| perceived | verb | to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something |
| perception | noun | a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem |
| performance | noun | how well a person, machine, etc. does a piece of work or an activity |
| period | noun | in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is taught |
| PETE (Physical Education Teacher Education) | noun | programmes designed to train people to become teachers in Physical Education |
| physical | adjective | relating to the body |
| physically | adverb | in a way that relates to the body or someone's appearance |
| PL (Physical Literacy) | noun | a fundamental and valuable human capability that can be described as a disposition acquired by human individuals encompassing the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding that establishes purposeful physical pursuits as an integral part of their lifestyle |
| play | verb | to take part in a game or other organized activity |
| player | noun | someone who takes part in a game or sport |
| positive | adjective | certain and without any doubt |
| potential | adjective | possible when the necessary conditions exist |
| practice (uncountable) | noun | action rather than thought or ideas |
| practice (countable) | noun | the act of doing something regularly or repeatedly to improve your skill at doing it |
| practitioner | noun | someone involved in a skilled job or activity |
| previous | adjective | happening or existing before something or someone else |
| primary | adjective | more important than anything else; main OR of or for the teaching of young children, especially those between five and eleven years old |
| prior | adjective | existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time |
| process | noun | a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result |
| professional | adjective | relating to work that needs special training or education |
| promote | verb | to encourage people to like, buy, use, do, or support something |
| propose | verb | to offer or suggest a possible plan or action for other people to consider |
| psychological | adjective | relating to the human mind and feelings |
| pupil | noun | a person, especially a child at school, who is being taught |
| qualitative | adjective | relating to what something or someone is like |
| quality | noun | a characteristic or feature of someone or something |
| range | noun | the amount, number, or type of something between an upper and a lower limit |
| regarding | preposition | in relation to; about |
| related | adjective | connected |
| relation | noun | the connection or similarity between two things |
| relationship | noun | the way in which two things are connected |
| relevant | adjective | connected with what is happening or being discussed |
| reliability | noun | the quality of being able to be trusted or believed because of working or behaving well |
| researcher | noun | someone who studies a subject, especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding |
| response | noun | an answer or reaction |
| responsibility | noun | a duty to take care of something |
| result (countable or uncountable) | noun | something that happens or exists because of something else |
| results (countable, usually plural) | noun | a good or pleasing effect |
| review | noun | the act of considering something again in order to make changes to it, give an opinion of it or study it |
| role | noun | the position or purpose that someone or something has in a situation, organization, society, or relationship |
| sample | noun | a group of people or things that is chosen out of a larger number and is asked questions or tested in order to get information about the larger group |
| satisfaction | noun | a pleasant feeling that you get when you receive something you wanted, or when you have done something you wanted to do |
| scale | noun | a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something |
| score | noun | the number of points, goals, etc. achieved in a game or competition |
| SDT (Self-Determination Theory) | noun | a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs |
| SE (Sport Education) | noun | an instructional model which links the sport taught in physical Education to the wider sporting culture |
| secondary | adjective | less important than related things |
| selected | verb | to choose a small number of things, or to choose by making careful decisions |
| setting | noun | a position on the controls of a piece of equipment |
| significant | adjective | important, large, or great, esp. in leading to a different result or to an important change |
| significantly | adverb | in a way that is easy to see or by a large amount |
| similar | adjective | looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same |
| situation | noun | the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place |
| skilled | adjective | having the abilities needed to do an activity or job well |
| skill | noun | an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practised it |
| solution | noun | a way to solve a problem or deal with a difficult situation |
| specific | adjective | relating to one thing and not others; particular |
| strategy | noun | a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport, or the skill of planning for such situations |
| structure | noun | the way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way |
| style | noun | a way of doing something, especially one that is typical of a person, group of people, place, or period |
| suggested | verb | to produce an idea in the mind |
| support | noun | a device worn to hold part of the body, especially a weak part, firmly in position |
| supportive | adjective | actively giving help to someone who needs it |
| tactical | adjective | relating to tactics or done in order to achieve something |
| task | noun | a piece of work to be done, especially one done regularly, unwillingly, or with difficulty |
| team | noun | a number of people or animals who do something together as a group |
| TGfU (Teaching Games for Understanding) | noun | an approach that places the student in a game situation whereby skills, tactics, decision-making, and problem solving are developed in cohesion |
| theme | noun | the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. |
| theoretical | adjective | based on the ideas that relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject |
| theory | noun | a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation |
| traditional | adjective | following or belonging to the customs or ways of behaving that have continued in a group of people or society for a long time without changing |
| training | noun | the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular job or activity |
| university | noun | a place where people study for an undergraduate (= first) or postgraduate (= higher level) degree |
| validity | noun | the quality of being based on truth or reason, or of being able to be accepted |
| values | noun | the principles that help you to decide what is right and wrong, and how to act in various situations |
| variables | noun | a number, amount, or situation that can change |
| variety | noun | a different type of something |
| various | adjective | many different |
| view | noun/verb | 1. an opinion, belief, or idea, or a way of thinking about something 2. to have a particular opinion or way of thinking about someone or something |
| youth | noun | the period of your life when you are young, or the state of being young |
Sports Science and Health
| ability | noun | the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something |
| academic | adjective | relating to schools, colleges, and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not with practical skills |
| acceleration | noun | the increase in something's speed, or its ability to go faster |
| accelerometer | noun | a device that measures acceleration or G-force |
| accuracy | noun | the fact of being exact or correct |
| activity | noun | the situation in which a lot of things are happening or people are moving around |
| acute | adjective | If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage |
| adaptation | noun | the process of changing to suit different conditions |
| addition | noun | something that has been added to something else |
| adolescence | noun | the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult |
| aerobic | adjective | involving, needing, or relating to oxygen |
| age | noun | the period of time someone has been alive or something has existed |
| agility | noun | the ability to move your body quickly and easily |
| analysis | noun | the act of analysing something |
| applied | adjective | relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that has a practical use |
| approach | noun | a way of considering or doing something |
| appropriate | adjective | suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion |
| approximately | adverb | close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time |
| assessed | verb | to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something |
| assessment | noun | the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made |
| associated | adjective | connected |
| associations | noun | a group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose |
| athletes | noun | a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise, especially one who competes in organized events |
| attention | noun | the act of directing the mind to listen, see, or understand; notice |
| authors | noun | a person who begins or creates something |
| available | adjective | able to be bought or used |
| average | noun | a standard or level that is considered to be typical or usual |
| balance | noun | a state where things are of equal weight or force |
| baseline | noun | a line on a sports field, such as the one in tennis, that marks the end of the playing area, or the one in baseball that marks the path along which players run |
| behaviour | noun | the way that a person, an animal, a substance, etc. behaves in a particular situation or under particular conditions |
| beneficial | adjective | helpful, useful, or good |
| benefits | noun | a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help |
| bias | noun | the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment |
| blood | noun | the red liquid that is sent around the body by the heart, and carries oxygen and important substances to organs and tissue, and removes waste products |
| body | noun | the whole physical structure that forms a person or animal |
| BP (Blood Pressure) | noun | a measure of the pressure at which the blood flows through the body |
| breast | noun | either of the two soft, rounded parts of a woman's chest that produce milk after she has a baby |
| caffeine | noun | a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, that is a stimulant (= something that makes people more active) |
| calculate | verb | to judge the number or amount of something by using the information that you already have, and adding, taking away, multiplying, or dividing numbers |
| capacity | noun | someone's ability to do a particular thing |
| CHO (carbohydrate) | noun | one of several substances, such as sugar or starch, that provide the body with energy, or foods containing these substances such as bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice |
| cardiorespiratory | adjective | relating to the heart, the lungs, and the tubes and muscles in the body used for breathing |
| cardiovascular | adjective | relating to the heart and blood vessels (= tubes that carry blood around the body) |
| categories | noun | (in a system for dividing things according to appearance, quality, etc.) a type, or a group of things having some features that are the same |
| central | adjective | main or important |
| characteristic | noun | a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something |
| chronic | adjective | (especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time |
| clinical | adjective | used to refer to medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people |
| coaches | noun | someone whose job is to train and organize a sports team |
| cognitive | adjective | relating to or involving the processes of thinking and reasoning |
| combination | noun | the mixture you get when two or more things are combined |
| common | adjective | the same in a lot of places or for a lot of people |
| compared | verb | to examine or look for the differences between persons or things OR to consider or suggest that something is similar or equal to something else |
| component | noun | a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger |
| concentration | noun | the ability to think carefully about something you are doing and nothing else |
| conditions | noun | all the particular things that influence someone’s living or working environment |
| conducted | verb | to organize and perform a particular activity |
| consider, considered | verb | to believe someone or something to be, or think of him, her, or it as something |
| consistent | adjective | always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way |
| context | noun | the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it |
| continuous | adjective | without a pause or interruption |
| controlled | verb | to order, limit, or rule something, or someone's actions or behaviour |
| correlation | noun | a connection or relationship between two or more facts, numbers, etc. |
| CP (Critical Power) | noun | the boundary between the steady-state and non-steady state exercise intensity domains and therefore may provide a more meaningful index of performance than other well-known landmarks of aerobic fitness such as the lactate threshold and the maximal O2 uptake |
| CRF (Cardiorespiratory Fitness) | noun | the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity |
| CS (Citrate Synthase) | noun | an enzyme active in all examined cells, where it is most often responsible for catalysing the first reaction of the citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle or the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle): the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate |
| CS (Critical Speed) | noun | the theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller, leadscrew, or gear |
| CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) | noun | a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels |
| data | noun | information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making, or information in an electronic form that can be stored and used by a computer |
| demonstrated | verb | to show or make something clear |
| design | noun/verb | 1. to make or draw plans for something, for example clothes or buildings 2. a drawing or set of drawings showing how a building or product is to be made and how it will work and look |
| determine | verb | to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen |
| development | noun | a recent event that is the latest in a series of related events |
| dietary | adjective | relating to your diet |
| difference | noun | the way in which two or more things which you are comparing are not the same |
| digital | adjective | using or relating to computers and the internet |
| disorder | noun | an illness of the mind or body |
| distance | noun | the amount of space between two places |
| domain | noun | an area of interest or an area over which a person has control |
| dose | noun | a measured amount of something such as medicine |
| duration | noun | the length of time that something lasts |
| eating | verb | to put food into the mouth, chew it, and swallow it |
| effect | noun | the result of a particular influence |
| elite | noun | the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society |
| energy | noun | the power and ability to be physically and mentally active |
| ES (Effect Size) | noun | a number measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a statistical population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity |
| estimated | verb | to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something |
| evidence | noun | anything that helps to prove that something is or is not true |
| examined | verb | to look at or consider a person or thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something about them |
| excluded | verb | to prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking part in an activity |
| exercise | noun | physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy |
| exposure | noun | a situation or condition that makes someone likely to be harmed, esp. because the person has not been protected from something dangerous |
| factor | noun | a fact or situation that influences the result of something |
| fat | adjective | having a lot of flesh on the body |
| fatigue | noun | extreme tiredness |
| feedback | noun | reaction to a process or activity, or the information obtained from such a reaction |
| figure | noun | the shape of the human body, or a person |
| finding | noun | a piece of information that is discovered during an official examination of a problem, situation, or object |
| fitness | noun | the condition of being physically strong and healthy |
| football | noun | a game played between two teams of eleven people, where each team tries to win by kicking a ball into the other team's goal |
| force | noun | physical, especially violent, strength, or power |
| frequency | noun | the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number or times |
| function | noun | the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person) |
| glucose | noun | a type of sugar that is found in plants, especially fruit, and supplies an important part of the energy that animals need |
| glycogen | noun | a substance found in the liver and muscles that stores carbohydrate and is important in controlling sugar levels in the blood |
| greater | adjective | having a larger number or amount than |
| group | noun | a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit |
| guidelines | noun | information intended to advise people on how something should be done or what something should be |
| health | noun | the condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness, or the state of being well |
| height | noun | the distance from the top to the bottom of something, or the quality of being tall |
| heterogeneity | noun | the fact of consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other |
| high | adjective | greater than the usual level or amount |
| higher | adjective | comparative of ‘high’ |
| HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) | noun | physical training that consists of short periods of intense (= very energetic) exercise with short periods of rest in between |
| HR (Heart Rate) | noun | the number of times a person's heart beats (= moves regularly) in a minute or in a specified time |
| hypertension | noun | a medical condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high |
| identified | verb | to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show that it exists |
| impact | noun | a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person |
| important | adjective | having great effect or influence |
| improvement | noun | an occasion when something gets better or when you make it better |
| incidence | noun | an event, or the rate at which something happens |
| inclusion | noun | the idea that everyone should be able to use the same facilities, take part in the same activities, and enjoy the same experiences, including people who have a disability or other disadvantage |
| independent | adjective | not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things |
| indicate | verb | to suggest something as being suitable |
| indicator | noun | something that shows what a situation is like |
| individual | noun | a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to which they belong |
| influence | noun | the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this |
| initial | adjective | of or at the beginning |
| injury | noun | physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack |
| insulin | noun | a hormone in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood |
| intake | noun | the amount of a particular substance that is eaten or drunk during a particular time |
| intensity | noun | the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect |
| interaction | noun | an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other |
| interval | noun | a period between two events or times |
| intervention | noun | the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse |
| investigated | verb | to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth |
| involved | verb | to include someone in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it |
| jump | noun | to push yourself suddenly off the ground and into the air using your legs |
| knee | noun | the middle joint of the leg that allows the leg to bend |
| knowledge | noun | understanding of or information about a subject that you get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people generally |
| lactate | noun | (of a woman or female mammal) to produce milk |
| lean | adjective | thin and healthy |
| leg | noun | one of the parts of the body of a human or animal that is used for standing or walking |
| level | noun | someone's ability compared to other people OR the amount or number of something |
| likely | adjective | If something is likely, it will probably happen or is expected |
| limitations | noun | the act of controlling and especially reducing something |
| linear | adjective | involving a series of events or thoughts in which one follows another one directly |
| literature | noun | all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts |
| load | noun | the amount of weight carried, especially by a vehicle, a structure such as a bridge, or an animal; the amount of work to be done by a person |
| longitudinal | adjective | used to refer to lines or distances east or west of an imaginary line between the North Pole and the South Pole |
| magnitude | noun | the large size or importance of something |
| majority | noun | the larger number or part of something |
| match | noun | a sports competition or event in which two people or teams compete against each other |
| maximal | adjective | largest or greatest |
| mean | adjective | a mean number is an average number |
| measurement | noun | a value, discovered by measuring, that corresponds to the size, shape, quality, etc. of something |
| measure | noun | a unit used for stating the size, weight, etc. of something, or a way of measuring; amount |
| meta | adjective | (of something that is written or performed) referring to itself or to something of its own type |
| metabolic | adjective | relating to metabolism (= the chemical processes within the body required for life) |
| method | noun | a particular way of doing something |
| midfielder | noun | a player who plays in midfield (= the central area of the field), especially in football |
| model | noun | a simple description of a system or process that can be used in calculations or predictions of what might happen |
| moderate | adjective | neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or strength |
| mortality | noun | the number of deaths within a particular society and within a particular period of time |
| motor | noun | a device that changes electricity or fuel into movement and makes a machine work |
| multiple | adjective | very many of the same type, or of different types |
| muscle | noun | one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to produce movement |
| muscular | adjective | related to muscles; having well-developed muscles; powerful |
| MVPA (Moderate-to-Vigorous intensity Physical Activity) | noun | activity that is attained when a person reaches at least 64% of their maximum heart rate |
| need | noun/verb | 1. the state of being necessary 2. to have to have something, or to want something very much |
| negative | adjective | bad or harmful |
| normal | adjective | ordinary or usual; the same as would be expected |
| obese | adjective | extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health |
| obesity | noun | the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health |
| objective | noun | something that you plan to do or achieve |
| observed | verb | to watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it |
| obtained | verb | to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it, working for it, or producing it from something else |
| occurred | verb | (especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen; to exist or be present in, among, etc. |
| OTS (Overtraining Syndrome) | noun | a condition that occurs when you work out too much or too hard without giving the body enough time to rest |
| outcome | noun | a result or effect of an action, situation, etc. |
| overweight | adjective | fat |
| oxidation | noun | the process of a substance or chemical element oxidizing |
| oxygen | noun | a chemical element that is a gas with no smell or colour. Oxygen forms a large part of the air on earth, and is needed by animals and plants to live |
| PA (Physical Activity/ Physical Activities) | noun | any voluntary bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure |
| participant | noun | a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity |
| peak | noun | the highest, strongest, or best point, value, or level of skill |
| per | preposition | used when expressing rates, prices, or measurements to mean "for each" |
| perceived | verb | to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something |
| percentage | noun | an amount of something, often expressed as a number out of 100 |
| perception | noun | a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem |
| perceptual | adjective | relating to the ability to notice something or come to an opinion about something using your senses |
| performance | noun | how well a person, machine, etc. does a piece of work or an activity |
| performed | verb | to do an action or piece of work |
| period | noun | in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is taught |
| phase | noun | any stage in a series of events or in a process of development |
| physical | adjective | relating to the body |
| physiological | adjective | relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work |
| play | verb | to take part in a game or other organized activity |
| player | noun | someone who takes part in a game or sport |
| pooled | verb | to collect something such as money in order for it to be used by several different people or groups |
| population | noun | all the people living in a particular country, area, or place |
| positive | adjective | certain and without any doubt |
| possible | adjective | able to be done or achieved, or able to exist |
| potential | adjective | possible when the necessary conditions exist |
| power | noun | strength |
| pregnancy | noun | the state of being pregnant |
| prescription | noun | the act of telling someone else what they must have or do |
| pressure | noun | the act of trying to make someone else do something by arguing, persuading, etc. |
| primary | adjective | more important than anything else; main OR of or for the teaching of young children, especially those between five and eleven years old |
| prior | adjective | existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time |
| professional | adjective | relating to work that needs special training or education |
| protein | noun | one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong |
| protocol (uncountable) | noun | the system of rules and acceptable behaviour used at official ceremonies and occasions |
| protocols (countable) | noun | a formal international agreement |
| psychological | adjective | relating to the human mind and feelings |
| quality | noun | a characteristic or feature of someone or something |
| range | noun | the amount, number, or type of something between an upper and a lower limit |
| rate | noun | the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period |
| RCTS (Randomized Controlled Trials) | noun | a type of scientific experiment or intervention study that aims to reduce certain sources of bias when testing the effectiveness of new treatments; this is accomplished by randomly allocating subjects to two or more groups, treating them differently, and then comparing them with respect to a measured response |
| recommendation | noun | a suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job |
| recovery | noun | the process of becoming well again after an illness or injury |
| reduction | noun | the act of making something, or of something becoming, smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc. |
| reference | noun | a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found |
| regression | noun | the fact of an illness or its symptoms (= effects) becoming less severe |
| related | adjective | connected |
| relationship | noun | the way in which two things are connected |
| relevant | adjective | connected with what is happening or being discussed |
| reliability | noun | the quality of being able to be trusted or believed because of working or behaving well |
| repeat | verb | to happen, or to do something, more than once |
| research | noun | a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding |
| resistance | noun | the act of fighting against something that is attacking you, or refusing to accept something |
| respectively | adverb | in a way that relates or belongs to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned |
| response | noun | an answer or reaction |
| result (countable or uncountable) | noun | something that happens or exists because of something else |
| results (countable, usually plural) | noun | a good or pleasing effect |
| review | noun/verb | 1. the act of considering something again in order to make changes to it, give an opinion of it or study it 2. to think or talk about something again, in order to make changes to it or to make a decision about it |
| risk | noun | the possibility of something bad happening |
| RT (Resistance Training) | noun | involves the performance of physical exercises which are designed to improve strength and endurance |
| sample | noun | a group of people or things that is chosen out of a larger number and is asked questions or tested in order to get information about the larger group |
| SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure) | noun | measures the force your heart exerts on the walls of your arteries each time it beats |
| scale | noun | a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something |
| score | noun | the number of points, goals, etc. achieved in a game or competition |
| SD (Standard Deviation) | noun | a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values |
| sedentary | adjective | involving little exercise or physical activity |
| sensitivity | noun | having a strong physical reaction to something |
| significant | adjective | important, large, or great, esp. in leading to a different result or to an important change |
| significantly | adverb | in a way that is easy to see or by a large amount |
| similar | adjective | looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same |
| sitting | noun | a meeting of a committee, court, etc. |
| sizes | noun | one of the standard measures according to which goods are made or sold |
| skill | noun | an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practised it |
| sleep | noun/verb | 1. the resting state in which the body is not active and the mind is unconscious 2. to be in the state of rest when your eyes are closed, your body is not active, and your mind is unconscious |
| soccer | noun | a game played between two teams of eleven people, where each team tries to win by kicking a ball into the other team's goal |
| speed | noun | how fast something moves |
| standard | noun | a level of quality |
| statistical | adjective | relating to statistics |
| step | noun | a stage in a process |
| strategy | noun | a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport, or the skill of planning for such situations |
| strength | noun | the ability to do things that need a lot of physical or mental effort |
| study | noun | the activity of examining a subject in detail in order to discover new information |
| subsequent | adjective | happening after something else |
| supplementary | adjective | extra |
| supplement | noun | something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it; something extra |
| symptom | noun | any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease |
| systematic | adjective | according to an agreed set of methods or organized plan |
| team | noun | a number of people or animals who do something together as a group |
| threshold | noun | the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen |
| tolerance | noun | willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them |
| training | noun | the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular job or activity |
| treatment | noun | the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of an illness or injury |
| trial | noun | a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable something or someone is |
| typically | adverb | used when you are giving an average or usual example of a particular thing |
| unclear | adjective | not obvious or easy to see or know |
| understanding | noun | knowledge about a subject, situation, etc. or about how something works |
| validity | noun | the quality of being based on truth or reason, or of being able to be accepted |
| values | noun | the principles that help you to decide what is right and wrong, and how to act in various situations |
| variables | noun | a number, amount, or situation that can change |
| variation | noun | something that is slightly different from the usual form or arrangement |
| various | adjective | many different |
| velocity | noun | the speed at which an object is travelling |
| versus | preposition | used to say that one team or person is competing against another |
| vertical | adjective | standing or pointing straight up or at an angle of 90° to a horizontal surface or line |
| vigorous | adjective | healthy and strong |
| volume | noun | the amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape |
| weight | noun | the amount that something or someone weighs |
| youth | noun | the period of your life when you are young, or the state of being young |