{"id":341,"date":"2021-02-22T11:41:11","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T03:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/?page_id=341"},"modified":"2026-03-13T15:34:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T07:34:06","slug":"egap-chicago-author-date-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/?page_id=341","title":{"rendered":"EGAP-Chicago-Author-Date system"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\tAuthor-Date system\n\t<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Book<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In-text citations<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Grazer and Fishman 2015, 12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Smith 2016, 315-16)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life<\/em>. New York: Simon & Schuster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time<\/em>. New York: Penguin Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chapter or other parts of an edited book<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Thoreau 2016, 177-78)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay<\/em>, edited by John D’Agata, 167-95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(D’Agata 2016, 177-78)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay<\/em>. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Translated book<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Lahiri 2016, 146)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words<\/em>. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

E-book<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text, if any (or simply omit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citations<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Austen 2007, chap. 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Borel 2016, 92)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kurland and Lerner 1987, chap. 10, doc. 19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Melville 1851, 627)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice<\/em>. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Borel, Brooke. 2016. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking<\/em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ProQuest Ebrary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution<\/em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.               http:\/\/press-pubs.uchicago.edu\/founders\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale<\/em>. New York: Harper & Brothers. http:\/\/mel.hofstra.edu\/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Journal article<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https:\/\/doi.org\/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citations<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9-10)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(LaSalle 2017, 95)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Satterfield 2016, 170)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, China, 1978-2014: Effects on \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital<\/em> 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\u00a0\u00a0 \/690235.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review<\/em> 38 (1): 95-109. Project MUSE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology<\/em> 111, no. 2 (April): 165-76.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Bay et al. 2017, 465)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bay, Rachael A., Noah Rose, Rowan Barrett, Louis Bernatchez, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Jesse R. Lasky, Rachel B. Brem,      Stephen R. Palumbi, and Peter Ralph. 2017. “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using    Evolutionary Response Architectures.” American Naturalist<\/em> 189, no. 5 (May): 463-73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/691233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

News or magazine article<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Manjoo 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Mead 2017, 43)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Pai 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Pegoraro 2007)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times<\/em>, March 8, 2017.         https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/08\/technology\/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mead, Rebecca. 2017. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker<\/em>, April 17, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pai, Tanya. 2017. “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps.” Vox<\/em>, April 11, 2017. http:\/\/www.vox.com\/culture\/2017\/4              \/11\/15209084\/peeps-easter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pegoraro, Rob. 2007. “Apple’s iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple.” Washington Post<\/em>, July 5, 2007. LexisNexis Academic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Readers’ comments are cited in the text but omitted from a reference list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Eduardo B [Los Angeles], March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Book review<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Kakutani 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kakutani, Michiko. 2016. “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing Time<\/em>, by Zadie Smith. New York Times<\/em>, November 7, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Interview<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Stamper 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Stamper, Kory. 2017. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry                      Gross.      Fresh Air<\/em>, NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/04\/19\/524618639\/from-f-bomb-to-                     photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Thesis or dissertation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Rutz 2013, 99-100)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entry<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Rutz, Cynthia Lillian. 2013. “King Lear<\/em> and Its Folktale Analogues.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Website content<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citations<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Bouman 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Google 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Yale University, n.d.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bouman, Katie. 2016. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline,           MA. Video, 12:51. https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https:\/\/www.google.com\/policies\/privacy\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yale University. n.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https:\/\/www.yale.edu\/about-yale\/yale-facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Social media content<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Conan O’Brien’s tweet was characteristically deadpan: “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets” (@ConanOBrien, April 22, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citations<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Chicago Manual of Style 2015)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Souza 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chicago Manual of Style. 2015. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015.      https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ChicagoManual\/posts\/10152906193679151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BDrmfXTtNCt\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Personal communication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In-text citation<\/u><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference: (https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/tools_citationguide\/citation-guide-2.html<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Author-Date system Book In-text citations (Grazer and Fishman 2015, 12) (Smith 2016, 315-16) Reference list entries (in alphabetical order) Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.   Chapter or other parts of an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-341","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2844,"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341\/revisions\/2844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}