
{"id":237,"date":"2021-01-27T11:42:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T03:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/?page_id=237"},"modified":"2022-12-01T16:03:17","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T08:03:17","slug":"reading1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/?page_id=237","title":{"rendered":"EGAP-Reading1-Scanning, Skimming, Surveying, Using the title"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1>\n\t\tAcademic reading skills\n\t<\/h1>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/book-read-hands-3531412-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"book, read, hands\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"626\" width=\"1024\" title=\"book, read, hands-3531412\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n<h2>\n\t\tScanning\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<h3><!--\n\t--><!--\t--><!--\n\t-->\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>When you look for a telephone number or a name in an index, your eyes move quickly over the words until you find the particular information you are looking for. You ignore everything except the specific information you want. Scanning is directed and purposeful and should be extremely fast.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tShort quiz\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\n            <div class='ays-quiz-container ays_quiz_classic_light   ays-quiz-keyboard-active' data-quest-effect='fade'  data-hide-bg-image='false' id='ays-quiz-container-8'>\n                \n                \n                <div class='ays-questions-container'>\n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    <form action='' method='post' id='ays_finish_quiz_8' \n                        class='ays-quiz-form  enable_questions_result '\n                    >\n            <input type='hidden' value='list' class='answer_view_class'>\n            <input type='hidden' value='' class='ays_qm_enable_arrows'>\n            \n            \n            <div class='step active-step'>\n                <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-start-page'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-fs-title'>Short quiz: Scanning<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-fs-subtitle'><\/div>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_id' value='8'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_finish_nonce' value='7a6296d2d3'>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_curent_page_link' class='ays-quiz-curent-page-link' value='https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F237'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_questions' value='19,20,21'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <input type='button'   class='ays_next start_button action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active' value='Start'  \/>\n                    \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step  ' data-question-id='19' data-type='short_text'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>1 \/ 3<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Speaking in Public: What Women Say about Working in the Video Game Industry<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Abstract<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the 1990s, conversations about the dearth of women working in the video game industry have\u00a0centred\u00a0on three topics: (1) ways to draw more women into the field, (2) the experiences of women working in the industry, and (3) the experiences of those who once worked in the industry but left. Although there has been considerable research on the conditions and occupational identities of video game developers, less scholarly attention has been devoted to women in\u00a0games work, the barriers\/obstacles and challenges\/opportunities they face, and how they talk about their experiences. This article offers a feminist approach that demonstrates how discourse focused on affect can be reread as intimately related to silences about power and how the rhetorical constraints that public speech imposes upon what can be said about \u201cwomen in games\u201d aid us in understanding what might remain unspoken, and why.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW47233866\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW47233866\">When were the conversations about the dearth of women working in the video game industry started?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '><div class='ays-field ays-text-field'><input style='width:100%;' type='text' placeholder='' class='ays-text-input ' autocomplete='off' name='ays_questions[ays-question-19]' data-question-id='19' data-answer-id='47'>\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n                <button type='button' style='display:none' class='ays_check_answer action-button  '>Check<\/button><script>\n                        if(typeof window.quizOptions_8 === 'undefined'){\n                            window.quizOptions_8 = [];\n                        }\n                        window.quizOptions_8['19'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl90eXBlIjoic2hvcnRfdGV4dCIsImVuYWJsZV9xdWVzdGlvbl90ZXh0X21heF9sZW5ndGgiOmZhbHNlLCJxdWVzdGlvbl90ZXh0X21heF9sZW5ndGgiOiIiLCJxdWVzdGlvbl9saW1pdF90ZXh0X3R5cGUiOiJjaGFyYWN0ZXJzIiwicXVlc3Rpb25fZW5hYmxlX3RleHRfbWVzc2FnZSI6ZmFsc2UsImVuYWJsZV9jYXNlX3NlbnNpdGl2ZV90ZXh0IjpmYWxzZX0=';\n                    <\/script><\/div><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'><i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' name='next' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Prev' \/><i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' name='next' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Next' \/><\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step  ' data-question-id='20' data-type='text'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>2 \/ 3<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Speaking in Public: What Women Say about Working in the Video Game Industry<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Abstract<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the 1990s, conversations about the dearth of women working in the video game industry have\u00a0centred\u00a0on three topics: (1) ways to draw more women into the field, (2) the experiences of women working in the industry, and (3) the experiences of those who once worked in the industry but left. Although there has been considerable research on the conditions and occupational identities of video game developers, less scholarly attention has been devoted to women in\u00a0games work, the barriers\/obstacles and challenges\/opportunities they face, and how they talk about their experiences. This article offers a feminist approach that demonstrates how discourse focused on affect can be reread as intimately related to silences about power and how the rhetorical constraints that public speech imposes upon what can be said about \u201cwomen in games\u201d aid us in understanding what might remain unspoken, and why.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2. <span class=\"TextRun  BCX0 SCXW121146180\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun  BCX0 SCXW121146180\">What are the topics of these conversations?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '><div class='ays-field ays-text-field'><textarea style='width:100%;' type='text' placeholder='' class='ays-text-input ' autocomplete='off' name='ays_questions[ays-question-20]' data-question-id='20' data-answer-id='48'><\/textarea>\n                <input type='hidden' name='ays_answer_correct[]' value='0'\/>\n                <button type='button' style='display:none' class='ays_check_answer action-button  '>Check<\/button><script>\n                        if(typeof window.quizOptions_8 === 'undefined'){\n                            window.quizOptions_8 = [];\n                        }\n                        window.quizOptions_8['20'] = 'eyJxdWVzdGlvbl90eXBlIjoidGV4dCIsImVuYWJsZV9xdWVzdGlvbl90ZXh0X21heF9sZW5ndGgiOmZhbHNlLCJxdWVzdGlvbl90ZXh0X21heF9sZW5ndGgiOiIiLCJxdWVzdGlvbl9saW1pdF90ZXh0X3R5cGUiOiJjaGFyYWN0ZXJzIiwicXVlc3Rpb25fZW5hYmxlX3RleHRfbWVzc2FnZSI6ZmFsc2UsImVuYWJsZV9jYXNlX3NlbnNpdGl2ZV90ZXh0IjpmYWxzZX0=';\n                    <\/script><\/div><\/div>                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class='ays_buttons_div'><i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_left ays_previous action-button ays_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' name='next' class='ays_previous action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Prev' \/><i class=\"ays_fa ays_fa_arrow_right ays_next action-button ays_arrow ays_next_arrow ays-quiz-keyboard-active ays_display_none\" tabindex='0'><\/i>\n                        <input type='button' name='next' class='ays_next action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active ' value='Next' \/><\/div>\n                        \n                        <div class='wrong_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='right_answer_text ays_do_not_show' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays_questtion_explanation' style='display:none'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class='ays-quiz-additonal-box'>\n                            \n                        <\/div>   \n                        \n                        \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step  ' data-question-id='21' data-type='text'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>3 \/ 3<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Speaking in Public: What Women Say about Working in the Video Game Industry<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Abstract<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the 1990s, conversations about the dearth of women working in the video game industry have\u00a0centred\u00a0on three topics: (1) ways to draw more women into the field, (2) the experiences of women working in the industry, and (3) the experiences of those who once worked in the industry but left. Although there has been considerable research on the conditions and occupational identities of video game developers, less scholarly attention has been devoted to women in\u00a0games work, the barriers\/obstacles and challenges\/opportunities they face, and how they talk about their experiences. This article offers a feminist approach that demonstrates how discourse focused on affect can be reread as intimately related to silences about power and how the rhetorical constraints that public speech imposes upon what can be said about \u201cwomen in games\u201d aid us in understanding what might remain unspoken, and why.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW178948957 BCX0\">What are the areas that are less focused by scholars?<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW178948957 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div class='ays-quiz-answers ays_list_view_container  '><div class='ays-field 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#ays-quiz-container-8 .right_answer_text{\n                color:#33cc33;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .wrong_answer_text p {\n                font-size:16px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_questtion_explanation p {\n                font-size:16px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .right_answer_text p {\n                font-size:16px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {\n                font-size:14px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {\n                text-transform:none;\n                text-decoration: none;\n                letter-spacing: 0px;\n                font-weight: normal;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_cb_and_a,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_cb_and_a * {\n                color: rgb(0,0,0);\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz textarea height *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 textarea {\n                height: 100px;\n                min-height: 100px;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz rate and passed users count *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_rete_avg {\n                color:#fff !important;\n                background-color:#000;   \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-questions-container > .ays_quizn_ancnoxneri_qanak {\n                padding: 5px 20px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.for_quiz_rate.ui.star.rating .icon {\n                color: rgba(0,0,0,0.35);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_rete_avg div.for_quiz_rate_avg.ui.star.rating .icon {\n                color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_rete .ays-quiz-rate-link-box .ays-quiz-rate-link {\n                color: #000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Loaders *\/            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.lds-spinner,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.lds-spinner2 {\n                color: #000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.lds-spinner div:after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.lds-spinner2 div:after {\n                background-color: #000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-circle,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-facebook div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-ellipsis div{\n                background: #000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-ripple div{\n                border-color: #000;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-dual-ring::after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .lds-hourglass::after{\n                border-color: #000 transparent #000 transparent;\n            }\n\n            \/* Stars *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ui.rating .icon,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ui.rating .icon:before {\n                font-family: Rating !important;\n            }\n\n            \/* Progress bars *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-progress {\n                border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-progress-bg {\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\n            }    \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-progress-value {\n                color: #000;\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-progress-bar {\n                background-color: #38ddff;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-question-counter .ays-live-bar-wrap {\n                direction:ltr !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-live-bar-fill{\n                color: #000;\n                border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.8);\n                text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #fff;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-fourth,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-third,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-live-bar-fill.ays-live-second {\n                text-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-live-bar-percent{\n                display:none;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays_average {\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Music, Sound *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_music_sound {\n                color:rgb(0,0,0);\n            }\n\n            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 blockquote {\n                border-left-color: #000 !important;                                      \n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz Password *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-start-page > input[id^='ays_quiz_password_val_'],\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-password-toggle-visibility-box {\n                width: 100%;\n            }\n\n\n            \/* Question hint *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text {\n                background-color:#fff;\n                box-shadow: 0 0 15px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);\n                max-width: 270px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_question_hint_container .ays_question_hint_text p {\n                max-width: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-additonal-box {\n                display: flex;\n                justify-content: flex-end;\n                align-items: center;\n                position: relative;  \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_questions_hint_max_width_class {\n                max-width: 80%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Information form *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-form-title{\n                color:rgb(0,0,0);\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz timer *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-redirection-timer,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-timer{\n                color: #000;\n                text-align: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-timer.ays-quiz-message-before-timer:before {\n                font-weight: 500;\n            }\n\n            \/* Quiz title \/ transformation *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-fs-title{\n                text-transform: uppercase;\n                font-size: 21px;\n                text-align: center;\n                    text-shadow: none;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Quiz buttons *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_arrow {\n                color:#000000!important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 input#ays-submit,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button,\n            div#ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                background: none;\n                background-color: #38ddff;\n                color:#000000;\n                font-size: 17px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                border-radius: 3px;\n                height: auto;\n                letter-spacing: 0;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                width: auto;\n                \/* border: unset; *\/\n                min-height: unset;\n                line-height: normal;\n                text-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 input#ays-submit,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 input.action-button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button.ays_check_answer {\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                font-size: 17px !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button.ays_restart_button {\n                white-space: nowrap;\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                white-space: normal;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 input#ays-submit:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 input#ays-submit:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn:hover {\n                background: none;\n                box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #000000;\n                background-color: #38ddff;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_restart_button {\n                color: #000000;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_restart_button_p,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_buttons_div {\n                justify-content: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_finish.action-button{\n                margin: 10px 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-share-btn.ays-share-btn-branded {\n                color: #fff;\n                display: inline-block;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div.correct_div input:checked+label {\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Question answers *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field {\n                    border-color: #444;\n                    border-style: solid;\n                    border-width: 1px;\n                    box-shadow: none;flex-direction: row-reverse;\n            }\n            \n\n            \/* Answer maximum length of a text field *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_question_text_message{\n                color: #000;\n                text-align: left;\n                font-size: 12px;\n            }\n\n            div#ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays_quiz_question_text_error_message {\n                color: #ff0000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Questions answer image *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-answer-image {\n                width:15em;\n                height:150px;\n                object-fit: cover;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-answers .ays-field:hover:not(.ays-answered-text-input){\n                opacity: 1;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field label.ays_answer_caption[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                z-index: 1;\n                position:initial;bottom:0;}\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field input~label[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                padding: 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field {\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item {\n                width: calc(50% - 5px);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item:nth-child(odd) {\n                margin-right: 5px;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field input:checked+label:before {\n                border-color: #38ddff;\n                background: #38ddff;\n                background-clip: content-box;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-answers div.ays-text-right-answer {\n                color: #000;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Questions answer right\/wrong icons *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field input~label.answered.correct:after{\n                content: url('https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/correct.png');          }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field input~label.answered.wrong:after{\n                content: url('https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/wrong.png');\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field label.answered:last-of-type:after{\n                display: none;\n                height: auto;\n                left: 10px;top: 10px;}\n            \/* Dropdown questions *\/            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single {\n                border-bottom: 2px solid #38ddff;\n                background-color: #38ddff;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow {\n                color: #ffffff;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field {\n                outline: unset;\n                padding: 0.75rem;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option--highlighted[aria-selected] {\n                background-color: #38ddff;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .selection,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .dropdown-wrapper,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow b[role='presentation'] {\n                font-size: 16px !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option {\n                padding: 6px;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar {\n                width: 7px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.55);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);\n            }\n\n            \/* Audio \/ Video *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-time{\n                box-sizing: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-time-rail {\n                padding-top: 15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-mediaelement video {\n                margin: 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* Limitation *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-limitation-count-of-takers {\n                padding: 50px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-show,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-hide{\n                color: #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_elegant_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_rect_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                margin: 10px 6px;\n            }\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | End *\/\n\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 label[for^='ays-answer']:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 label[for^='ays-answer']:before {\n                -webkit-mask-image: unset;\n                mask-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before {\n                background-color: #38ddff !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96, 1) !important;\n            }\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | End *\/\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_results fieldset.ays_fieldset .ays_quiz_question .wp-video {\n                width: 100% !important;\n                max-width: 100%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Classic Dark \/ Classic Light *\/\n            \/* Dropdown questions right\/wrong styles *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div{\n                border-color:green !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div .selected-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div .selected-field {\n                padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;\n                color: green !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .wrong_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .wrong_div{\n                border-color:red !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label {\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field {\n                text-align: left;\n                \/*margin-bottom: 10px;*\/\n                padding: 0;\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-close-full-screen {\n                fill: #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-open-full-screen {\n                fill: #000;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_login_form p{\n                color: #000;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal start *\/\n            .ays-modal-reports {\n                display: none;\n                position: fixed;\n                z-index: 9999;\n                left: 0;\n                top: 0;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                overflow: auto;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n                animation-duration: .5s;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-modal-content-reports {\n                background-color: #fefefe;\n                margin: 10% auto;\n                border: 1px solid #888;\n                max-width: 500px;\n                width: 100%;\n                border-radius: 10px;\n                padding: 20px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                position: relative;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-modal-content-reports label{\n                display: block;\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-modal-content-reports textarea {\n                display: block;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100px;\n                padding: 5px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                border: 1px solid #ccc;\n                max-width: 100%;\n                max-height: 500px;\n                resize: vertical;\n                transition: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-modal-content-reports input.ays-quiz-submit-question-report {\n                background-color: #0073aa;\n                color: #fff !important;\n                border: none;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                cursor: pointer;\n                margin-top: 20px;\n                line-height: normal;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-close-reports-window {\n                color: #aaa;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                position: absolute;\n                top: 1%;\n                right: 1%;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-close-reports-window img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-quiz-preloader img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-close-reports-window img:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-close-reports-window img:focus {\n                cursor: pointer;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-quiz-question-report-error {\n                display: none;\n                font-size: 13px;\n                color: #f00;\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-quiz-question-report-textarea-label,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-quiz-question-report-title {\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays_quiz_modal_overlay {\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                position: fixed;\n                top: 0;\n                left: 0;\n                position: absolute;\n                z-index: 1000000000;\n                flex-direction: column;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-8 .ays-quiz-container .ays-quiz-user-c\u0570oosing-anonymous-assessment {\n                margin: 10px 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal end *\/\n\n            @media screen and (max-width: 768px){\n                #ays-quiz-container-8{\n                    max-width: 100%;\n                    border-radius: 0px !important;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 [id^='ays_finish_quiz_'] div.step div.ays-abs-fs {\n                    width: 90%;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_quiz_question p {\n                    font-size: 16px;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-image-question-img > img {\n                    border-radius: 0px !important;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-answer-image {\n                    height: 150px;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .select2-container,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field * {\n                    font-size: 15px !important;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 input#ays-submit,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 #ays_finish_quiz_8 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                    font-size: 17px;\n                    border-radius: 3px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Quiz title \/ mobile font size *\/\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-fs-title {\n                    font-size: 21px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Question explanation \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_questtion_explanation p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Wrong answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .wrong_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Right answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .right_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Note text \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-8 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n            }\n            \/* Custom css styles *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-8 .wrong_answer_text{\nbackground-color:blue; !important;\n}\n            \n            \/* RTL direction styles *\/\n            \n        <\/style>\n            <style>\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 p {\n                    margin: 0.625em;\n                }\n                \n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: rgba(56,221,255,0.6);\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: transparent;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_light  .enable_correction .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .enable_correction .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: rgba(56,221,255,0.6);\n                }\n                \n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label:hover {\n                    background-color: rgba(56,221,255,0.8);\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-8.ays-quiz-container.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-questions-container .ays-field:hover label[for^='ays-answer-'],\n                #ays-quiz-container-8 .ays-field:hover:not(.ays-answered-text-input){\n                    background: rgba(56,221,255,0.8);\n                    \/* border-radius: 4px; *\/\n                    color: #fff;\n                    transition: all .3s;\n         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       <\/script>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='quiz_id' value='8'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='start_date' class='ays-start-date'\/>\n                <\/form><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n<h2>\n\t\tSkimming\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<h3><!--\n\t--><!--\t--><!--\n\t-->\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>Skimming is useful when you want to survey a text to get a general\u00a0idea\u00a0of what it is about. In skimming you ignore the details and look for the main ideas. Main ideas are usually found in the first sentences of each paragraph and in the first and last paragraphs. It is also useful to pay attention to the organization of the text.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As reading is an interactive process, you\u00a0have to\u00a0work at constructing the meaning of the text from the marks on the paper. You need to be active all the time when you are reading. It is useful, therefore, if you need to read the text in detail, before you start reading to activate the knowledge you have about the topic of the text and to formulate questions based on this information. Skimming a text for gist can help you formulate questions to keep you interacting with the text. There are several ways to skim a text.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tUsing first lines of paragraphs\u00a0\n\t<\/h4>\n\t<p>In most academic writing, the paragraph is a coherent unit, about one topic, connected to the previous and next paragraphs. Paragraphs are organized\u00a0internally,\u00a0and the first sentence of each paragraph is often a summary of, or an introduction to, the paragraph. You can therefore get a good idea of the overall content of a text by reading the first sentence of each paragraph. This should help you get a feeling for the structure of the text. In many cases that will be enough, but if it isn&#8217;t, you will now have a good idea of the structure of the text and you will find it easier to read in detail. Familiar texts are easier to read.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As reading is an interactive process, you\u00a0have to\u00a0work at\u00a0constructing\u00a0the meaning of the text from the marks on the paper. You need to be active\u00a0all\u00a0the time when you are reading. It is useful, therefore, if you need to read the text in detail, before you start reading to activate the knowledge you have about the topic of the text and to formulate questions based on this information. Skimming a text using first lines of paragraphs can help\u00a0you\u00a0formulate questions to keep you interacting with the text.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tUsing first and last paragraphs\u00a0\n\t<\/h4>\n\t<p>In most academic writing, the text is organized clearly with an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction gives you an idea of what the text is going to be\u00a0about\u00a0and the conclusion shows that this is what it has been about. You can therefore get a good idea of the overall content of a text by reading the first and last paragraphs of a text. This should help you get a feeling for the content of the text. In many cases that will be enough, but if it isn&#8217;t, you will now have a good idea of the content of the text and you\u00a0will\u00a0find it easier to read in detail. Familiar texts are easier to read.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As reading is an interactive process, you\u00a0have to\u00a0work at constructing the meaning of the text from the marks on the paper. You need to be active all the time when you are reading. It is useful, therefore, if you need to read the text in detail, before you start reading to activate the knowledge you have about the topic of the text and to formulate questions based on this information. Skimming a text using first and last paragraphs can help\u00a0you\u00a0formulate questions to keep you interacting with the text.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tUsing section headings\u00a0\n\t<\/h4>\n\t<p>In some academic writing, the text is\u00a0organized\u00a0through the use of\u00a0headings and sub-headings. You can therefore get a good idea of the overall content of a text by reading the headings and sub-headings first. This should help you get a feeling for the content and\u00a0organization\u00a0of the text. In many cases that will be enough, but if it isn&#8217;t, you will now have a good\u00a0idea\u00a0of the content of the text and you will find it easier to read in detail. Familiar texts are easier to read.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As reading is an interactive process, you\u00a0have to\u00a0work at constructing the meaning of the text from the marks on the paper. You need to be active all the time when you are reading. It is useful, therefore, before you start reading to activate the knowledge you have about the topic of the text and to formulate questions based on this information. The title, sub-titles and section headings can help you formulate questions to keep you interacting with the text.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tShort Quiz\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\n            <div class='ays-quiz-container ays_quiz_classic_light   ays-quiz-keyboard-active' data-quest-effect='fade'  data-hide-bg-image='false' id='ays-quiz-container-9'>\n                \n                \n                <div class='ays-questions-container'>\n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    <form action='' method='post' id='ays_finish_quiz_9' \n                        class='ays-quiz-form  enable_questions_result '\n                    >\n            <input type='hidden' value='list' class='answer_view_class'>\n            <input type='hidden' value='' class='ays_qm_enable_arrows'>\n            \n            \n            <div class='step active-step'>\n                <div class='ays-abs-fs ays-start-page'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-fs-title'>Short quiz: Skimming<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-fs-subtitle'><\/div>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_id' value='9'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_finish_nonce' value='7a6296d2d3'>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_curent_page_link' class='ays-quiz-curent-page-link' value='https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F237'\/>\n                    <input type='hidden' name='ays_quiz_questions' value='22'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <input type='button'   class='ays_next start_button action-button ays-quiz-keyboard-active' value='Start'  \/>\n                    \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div><div class='step  ' data-question-id='22' data-type='text'>\n                    \n                    \n                    <p class='ays-question-counter animated'>1 \/ 1<\/p>\n                    <div class='ays-abs-fs'>\n                        \n                        <div class='ays_quiz_question'>\n                                <p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Background<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the 1990s, there has been increasing alarm expressed about the dearth of women working in the video games industry, increasing interest in ways to attract more women to the field and increasing concern about the experiences of women employed in the\u00a0industry, if less often about the motivation of those who have left it. Our study focuses on what women working in the games industry can tell us about these questions and concerns. Its methodological aspiration is feminist, and this means, at minimum, that the ways we collect and analyse our data should be ethical and respectful and enhance rather than exploit women\u2019s resources. Generally, time is our most important resource. This is particularly true for women as their time is often devalued when compared with that of men (Freysinger\u00a0et al. 2013, 13\u201314). Moreover, women typically do not have as much control over how their time is spent. So, in laying the foundations for this study, instead of surveying and interviewing prospective informants, we wanted to see who among this group of women has already invested her time and energy to tell a public story, whether in a blog post, a book chapter, a televised talk, a radio interview, or other public medium\u2014and to build the foundations of our study by focusing on that subgroup of women in games.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We found that their public speech predominantly advances positive accounts of women\u2019s involvement in the games industry, and this \u201cinsider\u201d perspective stands in contrast to research-based accounts that have foregrounded masculinized and often hostile working conditions across the industry (Consalvo\u00a02008; Harvey and Fisher 2013, 2015). There is indeed a tension here: because efforts to repudiate the burden of gender and to claim an equal right to speak about their work, and not about their sex, compel women in games to perform the additional affective labour of justifying their role and influence as workers who \u201cfit in,\u201d a rhetorical stance which\u00a0simultaneously prohibits them from critiquing misogynistic working conditions endemic to the industry. Integral to that paradoxical discursive work is a peculiar burden of compulsory speech.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Results and Next Steps?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Coming to terms with what we see from this initial and exploratory study of what women in games have said \u201cin public\u201d about their working conditions and experiences, conclusions must be correspondingly tentative and provisional. Even so, at a time when self-presentation, self-expression, self-branding, and self-marketing are the order of the day, what is striking is who speaks in public and how, and who does not speak, and why. The short answer is, it is painful and dangerous. Of the 190 women whose \u201cpublic voices\u201d we sought out, for ninety-six (51%), we could find no such public statements. Looking for a relationship between seniority\/precarity and voice\/silence, we found fifteen years average games industry experience for women who\u00a0commented versus twelve years for those who did not. A preliminary analysis of job type and experience suggests that this is a sample of the most accomplished and successful women in games, who have mastered a specialized discourse, a \u201cprofessional language\u201d with its own distinguishing idioms and rhetoric. Making meaning of this specialist discourse means listening for what is not said, seeing how silences are structured through, to borrow from Habermas (1970), the \u201csystematic distortions\u201d of communication identifiable in these samples of public speech. Identifying key lexical terms and discursive tactics, distinguishing \u201cnegative\u201d from \u201cpositive\u201d utterances and excavating from linguistic literalness a deeper sense of its strategic deployment, it becomes clear that women in games are far from feeling any \u201cpermission to speak freely,\u201d both uses and meanings of their linguistic utterances being indirect, suggestive, and very, very careful. When women are one-tenth of a workforce, and that work-force has a long tradition of exclusion, marginalization, and hostility toward women, it is little wonder. As Rosalind Gill (2014, 511) has remarked, it is through such discourses and practices of power that \u201cgender inequality has become if not unspeakable, then extremely difficult to voice.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Text retrieved from:\u00a0de Castell, S. &amp;\u00a0Skardzius, K. (2019). Speaking in Public: What Women Say about Working in\u00a0the Video Game Industry.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Television &amp; New Media, 20<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(8), 836\u2013847.)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559746&quot;:50}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Times New Roman\" data-listid=\"48\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>After reading the first and final paragraph\u00a0of a research article, can\u00a0you\u00a0get\u00a0a\u00a0general\u00a0idea about the meaning of the\u00a0essay?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            \n                        <div 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#ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                background: none;\n                background-color: #38ffeb;\n                color:#515151;\n                font-size: 17px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                border-radius: 3px;\n                height: auto;\n                letter-spacing: 0;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                width: auto;\n                \/* border: unset; *\/\n                min-height: unset;\n                line-height: normal;\n                text-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 input#ays-submit,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 input.action-button,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                \n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button.ays_check_answer {\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                font-size: 17px !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button.ays_restart_button {\n                white-space: nowrap;\n                padding: 5px 10px;\n                white-space: normal;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 input#ays-submit:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 input#ays-submit:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn:hover {\n                background: none;\n                box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #515151;\n                background-color: #38ffeb;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_restart_button {\n                color: #515151;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_restart_button_p,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_buttons_div {\n                justify-content: center;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_finish.action-button{\n                margin: 10px 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-share-btn.ays-share-btn-branded {\n                color: #fff;\n                display: inline-block;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div.correct_div input:checked+label {\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Question answers *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field {\n                    border-color: #444;\n                    border-style: solid;\n                    border-width: 1px;\n                    box-shadow: none;flex-direction: row-reverse;\n            }\n            \n\n            \/* Answer maximum length of a text field *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_quiz_question_text_message{\n                color: #515151;\n                text-align: left;\n                font-size: 12px;\n            }\n\n            div#ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays_quiz_question_text_error_message {\n                color: #ff0000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Questions answer image *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-answer-image {\n                width:15em;\n                height:150px;\n                object-fit: cover;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-answers .ays-field:hover:not(.ays-answered-text-input){\n                opacity: 1;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field label.ays_answer_caption[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                z-index: 1;\n                position:initial;bottom:0;}\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field input~label[for^='ays-answer-'] {\n                padding: 5px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field {\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item {\n                width: calc(50% - 5px);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field.ays_grid_view_item:nth-child(odd) {\n                margin-right: 5px;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field input:checked+label:before {\n                border-color: #38ffeb;\n                background: #38ffeb;\n                background-clip: content-box;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-answers div.ays-text-right-answer {\n                color: #515151;\n            }\n                        \n            \/* Questions answer right\/wrong icons *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field input~label.answered.correct:after{\n                content: url('https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/correct.png');          }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field input~label.answered.wrong:after{\n                content: url('https:\/\/dses.eduhk.hk\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-maker\/public\/images\/wrong.png');\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field label.answered:last-of-type:after{\n                display: none;\n                height: auto;\n                left: 10px;top: 10px;}\n            \/* Dropdown questions *\/            \n            #ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single {\n                border-bottom: 2px solid #38ffeb;\n                background-color: #38ffeb;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow {\n                color: #aeaeae;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field:focus,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-container--default .select2-search--dropdown .select2-search__field {\n                outline: unset;\n                padding: 0.75rem;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option--highlighted[aria-selected] {\n                background-color: #38ffeb;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .selection,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .dropdown-wrapper,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered .select2-selection__placeholder,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow b[role='presentation'] {\n                font-size: 16px !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-container--default .select2-results__option {\n                padding: 6px;\n            }\n            \n            \/* Dropdown questions scroll bar *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar {\n                width: 7px;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(81,81,81,0.55);\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-results__options::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n                background-color: rgba(81,81,81,0.85);\n            }\n\n            \/* Audio \/ Video *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-time{\n                box-sizing: unset;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-time-rail {\n                padding-top: 15px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-mediaelement video {\n                margin: 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* Limitation *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-limitation-count-of-takers {\n                padding: 50px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-show,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block span.ays-show-res-toggle.ays-res-toggle-hide{\n                color: #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle {\n                border: 1px solid #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_elegant_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_rect_dark div.ays-quiz-results-toggle-block input:checked + label.ays_switch_toggle:after{\n                background: #000;\n            }\n\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-color: transparent;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .mejs-container .mejs-inner .mejs-controls .mejs-button > button {\n                margin: 10px 6px;\n            }\n            \/* Hestia theme (Version: 3.0.16) | End *\/\n\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | Start *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 label[for^='ays-answer']:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 label[for^='ays-answer']:before {\n                -webkit-mask-image: unset;\n                mask-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field input:checked+label.answered.correct:before {\n                background-color: #38ffeb !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96, 1) !important;\n            }\n            \/* Go theme (Version: 1.4.3) | End *\/\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_quiz_results fieldset.ays_fieldset .ays_quiz_question .wp-video {\n                width: 100% !important;\n                max-width: 100%;\n            }\n\n            \/* Classic Dark \/ Classic Light *\/\n            \/* Dropdown questions right\/wrong styles *\/\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div{\n                border-color:green !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(39,174,96,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .correct_div .selected-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .correct_div .selected-field {\n                padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;\n                color: green !important;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .wrong_div,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .wrong_div{\n                border-color:red !important;\n                opacity: 1 !important;\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field.checked_answer_div.wrong_div input:checked~label {\n                background-color: rgba(243,134,129,0.4) !important;\n            }\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark .ays-field,\n            #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light .ays-field {\n                text-align: left;\n                \/*margin-bottom: 10px;*\/\n                padding: 0;\n                transition: .3s ease-in-out;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-close-full-screen {\n                fill: #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-open-full-screen {\n                fill: #515151;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_quiz_login_form p{\n                color: #515151;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal start *\/\n            .ays-modal-reports {\n                display: none;\n                position: fixed;\n                z-index: 9999;\n                left: 0;\n                top: 0;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                overflow: auto;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n                animation-duration: .5s;\n                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-modal-content-reports {\n                background-color: #fefefe;\n                margin: 10% auto;\n                border: 1px solid #888;\n                max-width: 500px;\n                width: 100%;\n                border-radius: 10px;\n                padding: 20px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                position: relative;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-modal-content-reports label{\n                display: block;\n                margin-bottom: 10px;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-modal-content-reports textarea {\n                display: block;\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100px;\n                padding: 5px;\n                box-sizing: border-box;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                border: 1px solid #ccc;\n                max-width: 100%;\n                max-height: 500px;\n                resize: vertical;\n                transition: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-modal-content-reports input.ays-quiz-submit-question-report {\n                background-color: #0073aa;\n                color: #fff !important;\n                border: none;\n                border-radius: 5px;\n                padding: 10px 20px;\n                cursor: pointer;\n                margin-top: 20px;\n                line-height: normal;\n                letter-spacing: normal;\n                box-shadow: unset;\n                background-image: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-close-reports-window {\n                color: #aaa;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                position: absolute;\n                top: 1%;\n                right: 1%;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-close-reports-window img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n            \n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-quiz-preloader img {\n                box-shadow: unset;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-close-reports-window img:hover,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-close-reports-window img:focus {\n                cursor: pointer;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-quiz-question-report-error {\n                display: none;\n                font-size: 13px;\n                color: #f00;\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-quiz-question-report-textarea-label,\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-quiz-question-report-title {\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays_quiz_modal_overlay {\n                width: 100%;\n                height: 100%;\n                position: fixed;\n                top: 0;\n                left: 0;\n                position: absolute;\n                z-index: 1000000000;\n                flex-direction: column;\n            }\n\n            #ays-quiz-question-report-modal-9 .ays-quiz-container .ays-quiz-user-c\u0570oosing-anonymous-assessment {\n                margin: 10px 0;\n            }\n\n            \/* report questions modal end *\/\n\n            @media screen and (max-width: 768px){\n                #ays-quiz-container-9{\n                    max-width: 100%;\n                    border-radius: 0px !important;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 [id^='ays_finish_quiz_'] div.step div.ays-abs-fs {\n                    width: 90%;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_quiz_question p {\n                    font-size: 16px;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-image-question-img > img {\n                    border-radius: 0px !important;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-answer-image {\n                    height: 150px;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .select2-container,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field * {\n                    font-size: 15px !important;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 input#ays-submit,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button,\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 #ays_finish_quiz_9 .action-button.ays_restart_button,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 + .ays-quiz-category-selective-main-container .ays-quiz-category-selective-restart-bttn,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-category-selective-submit-bttn {\n                    font-size: 17px;\n                    border-radius: 3px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Quiz title \/ mobile font size *\/\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-fs-title {\n                    font-size: 21px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Question explanation \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_questtion_explanation p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Wrong answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .wrong_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Right answers \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .right_answer_text p {\n                    font-size:16px;\n                }\n\n                \/* Note text \/ mobile font size *\/\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box p {\n                    font-size:14px;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-quiz-question-note-message-box *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 .ays_questtion_explanation *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 .right_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n\n                div#ays-quiz-container-9 .wrong_answer_text *:not(strong) {\n                    text-transform:none;\n                    text-decoration: none;\n                    letter-spacing: 0px;\n                    font-weight: normal;\n                }\n            }\n            \/* Custom css styles *\/\n            \n            \n            \/* RTL direction styles *\/\n            \n        <\/style>\n            <style>\n                #ays-quiz-container-9 p {\n                    margin: 0.625em;\n                }\n                \n                #ays-quiz-container-9 .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: rgba(56,255,235,0.6);\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .enable_correction .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label {\n                    background-color: transparent;\n                }\n\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_light  .ays_quiz_results .not_influence_to_score .ays-field.checked_answer_div input:checked~label,\n                #ays-quiz-container-9.ays_quiz_classic_dark  .ays_quiz_results 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This means you\u00a0have to\u00a0work at constructing the meaning from the marks on the paper. You need to be active all the time when you are reading. It is useful, therefore, before you start reading to try to actively remember what you know, and do not know, about the subject and then formulate questions based on the information you have. You can then read to answer these questions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Title, sub-titles and section heading can help you formulate\u00a0questions\u00a0to keep you interacting.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The title is a summary of the text. Sometimes we\u00a0have to\u00a0make quick decisions based on only the title.\u00a0Therefore\u00a0it is useful to try to understand it well. This may mean looking up unfamiliar words in a dictionary.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It is a good idea to ask yourself the following questions, based on the title:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"59\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Is this text relevant to your needs? Is it related to the subject\u00a0you are\u00a0studying?\u00a0<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"59\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">What do you expect to learn from the text? Ask yourself\u00a0some\u00a0questions that you expect the text to answer.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n\t\tSurveying the text\u00a0\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>Most of the time you will be reading serious academic texts books, journal articles and other academic texts. And often you will need to read your texts closely and carefully in order to understand specific information. However, you cannot read every word in every book in the library. It is useful therefore to learn reading techniques to help you quickly assess new material, decide if it is useful and which parts need to be read more carefully. It is also much easier to read the texts in detail when you have a rough idea of what a text is about &#8211; roughly what the author&#8217;s purpose is, what is at the beginning of the text and what is at the end.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Academic reading skills Scanning When you look for a telephone number or a name in an index, your eyes move quickly over the words until you find the particular information you are looking for. You ignore everything except the specific information you want. 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