English for Language Studies
Vocabulary
Contents
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| article | grammar | a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase |
| clause | grammar | an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence |
| constituent, grammatical constituent | grammar | a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction |
| grammatical category, syntactic category | grammar | a category of words having the same grammatical properties |
| head, head word | grammar | the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent |
| object | grammar | a constituent that is acted upon; "the object of the verb |
| quantifier | grammar | a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or `many') |
| subject | grammar | one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated |
| allophone | linguistics | any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme |
| aphaeresis, apheresis | linguistics | omission at the beginning of a word as in `coon' for `raccoon' or `till' for `until' |
| complementary distribution, complementation | linguistics | a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts |
| derivative | linguistics | a word that is derived from another word; "`electricity' is a derivative of `electric' |
| morphophoneme | linguistics | the phonemes (or strings of phonemes) that constitute the various allomorphs of a morpheme |
| phoneme | linguistics | one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language |
| phylum | linguistics | a large group of languages that are historically related |
| postposition | linguistics | the placing of one linguistic element after another (as placing a modifier after the word that it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix after the base to which it is attached) |
| preposition | linguistics | the placing of one linguistic element before another (as placing a modifier before the word it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix before the base to which it is attached) |
| root, root word, base, stem, theme, radical | linguistics | the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem |
| rule, linguistic rule | linguistics | a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice |
| tone | linguistics | a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages; "the Beijing dialect uses four tones |
| topicalization | linguistics | emphasis placed on the topic or focus of a sentence by pre-posing it to the beginning of the sentence; placing the topic at the beginning of the sentence is typical for English; "`Those girls, they giggle when they see me' and `Cigarettes, y |
| voice | linguistics | the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes |